Breast Cancer Series 2

How Is Breast Cancer Detected?

3. Detection generally involves several steps.

Mammography

A mammogram uses X-rays to examine breast tissue and can identify abnormalities that may be too small to feel.

For women at average risk, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening mammography every two years from ages 40 through 74. People with substantially higher risk—such as certain genetic mutations or a history of chest radiation—may need a different screening strategy.

Clinical Evaluation

If a person notices a breast change or an abnormality appears on screening, a healthcare professional may perform a breast examination and order additional imaging.

Diagnostic Imaging

Depending on the situation, doctors may use:

Diagnostic mammography
Ultrasound
MRI

Biopsy

If imaging identifies a suspicious area, a biopsy may be necessary to determine whether cancer cells are present.

Once cancer is diagnosed, additional testing can determine the cancer's characteristics, including hormone-receptor and HER2 status, which can help guide treatment.

4. Can Breast Cancer Be Prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer.

However, some actions can lower risk.

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Risk-reducing measures can include:

Maintaining a healthy weight
Getting regular physical activity
Limiting alcohol
Avoiding tobacco
Following recommended screening
Discussing family history with a healthcare professional
Discussing genetic counseling/testing when family history suggests increased risk

For people at particularly high genetic or clinical risk, doctors may discuss additional risk-reduction strategies, including certain medications or, in selected circumstances, preventive surgery.